Gulf County is located in Florida's panhandle along the Gulf of Mexico. Officially created on June 6, 1925, Gulf County now contains 555 square miles of land area and 190 square miles of water surface. Since 1965, the county seat has been at Port Saint Joe, which, under its original name of Saint Joseph, was the site of Florida's first Constitutional Convention in 1838. That's why the Constitution Convention Museum State Park is in Port St. Joe.

TH Stone Memorial St. Joseph Peninsula State Park is in Gulf County, as is part of St. Vincent National Wildlife Refuge.